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漢字如何教,一直是華語教學界討論的重點之一,因為對華語學習者來說,漢字是華語難學的主因之一。Walker (1989)指出:
Chinese orthography is a major factor in the difficulty of learning to function in Chinese. That being so, writing is the most time-consuming activity for learner....For reasons too diverting to explore now, the return to the learner for the hundreds of hours spent writing characters has a smaller payoff in terms of functioning as a participant in a Chinese society than the work she puts into any other of the skill areas. (p. 65)
(中文簡譯為:漢字是中文學習的難點。 寫字對學習者來說是非常耗時的....數百小時學寫漢字只有一點回報,而這回報是參與中文社會而非能增進其它語言技能)
但漢字怎麼教一直困擾著老師、學習者與研究者。印京華(2007)整理了幾種初級漢字課程的教學方面。
哪一種教學方好呢?這種問題當然沒有一個標準答案,只能說視學生的預期、教學目的與實際的教學情況而定。不過我想在改變教學法前,大家可能都有同樣的疑問:不教寫,真的可以嗎?依照目前我讀到的文獻,不教寫,用電腦學中文,或是用滯後法,學生還是有顯著的進步。但是這不代表滯後法或聽說讀打法和同步法或選擇法,有同樣的教學效果。這必須經過詳細的實驗來驗證。下一次我們要討論另外一篇文章:Why learning to write Chinese is a waste of time.
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